Theme Of Racism In The Bluest Eye - 924 Words

Racism, a word once used sparingly, has today become a part of colloquial speech. Although racism is an epidemic, so is same-race discrimination. In the novel â€Å"The Bluest Eye,† written by Toni Morrison, this idea of same-race discrimination is given the limelight throughout. The novel focuses on the African American community within Lorain, Ohio and the complexities of physical beauty and social status that lean over its residents. A character emphasized for her entitlement and being one who practices same-race discrimination, Geraldine has become even more despised than the incestuous and bibulous character of Cholly Breedlove. Through her obsession for cleanliness and social status, Geraldine symbolizes disconnection and same-race†¦show more content†¦She is â€Å"sugar brown,† exuberating with self confidence, has had higher education - and most importantly practices cleanliness religiously. Her job is more than taking care of her family, her job, or in this case passion is to achieve what most blacks can not, life as closely resembling that of a white family. Her home is like an illustration out of the Dick and Jane storybook: exquisitely organized, decorated with â€Å"a big red-and-gold bible[,] paper flower frame[s][,] [and] [l]ace doilies everywhere,†(Morrison89). Her home may seem organized, but her family is dysfunctional. Her love for cleanliness and social status go so far as to making her insusceptible to any emotional connection with her son Junior. Although Geraldine provides to all of Juniors physical needs, those being having him â€Å"brushed, bathed, oiled and shod,† she does very little to help raise him (Morrison 86). Junior, being a black boy, wants to converse and communicate with others who look as he does. But his mother always pushes him to be friends with the white children. So due to this he has developed a sense of entitlement. Soon, Junior’s entitlement leads him to victimize Pecola Breedlove. Inviting her into his home to show her kittens -he attacks her. Upon returning home, Geraldine, instead of scolding Junior, looks at Pecola’s uncombed hair, â€Å"torn dress [being pinned up by a] safety pin, [and her] muddy shoes,† right before cursing at her and kicking her out of her homeShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreRacial Prejudice in the Bluest Eye and to Kill a Mockingbird1416 Words   |   6 Pagesintroduced to the theme of racial prejudice through the experiences of the characters Scout and Jem Finch. The story is told from the perspective of Scout. In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, the reader is also introduced to the theme of racial prejudice through the experiences of Pecola Breedlove and Claudia MacTeer. The story is told through the perspective of Pecola Breedlove, and Claudia MacTeer. Both of the novels show different ways of illustrating the same theme. In the novel ToRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison791 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If only the eyes saw souls instead of bodies, how very different our ideals of beauty would be†. Toni Morrison shows, to the black community and to the world, how white supremacists and false convictions on beauty and self-worth can cause serious mischief if believed and taken to heart. Throughout the book, the character who exemplified the best repercussions of racism through her actions was Pecola Breedlove. A very passive little girl who was lacking self-esteem and parental guidance buys intoRead More Memoirs of a Geisha and the Bluest Eye Essay example900 Words   |  4 PagesMemoirs of a Geisha and the Bluest Eye Memoirs of a Geisha by Aurthor Golden and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison are two thought provoking books with a unique style of writing. Memoirs of a Geisha has a beautiful poetic grammar which captures readers imagination and brings the story to life. Morrison on the other hand uses combined voices to give varied perspectives with out resorting to authorial intrusion or preaching. Memoirs Of A Geisha and the bluest eye both contain graphic realismRead MoreRacism And Discrimination On African Americans1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe impact of racism and discrimination on African Americans through her frequent use of symbolism.2 In The Bluest Eye, an extremely important symbol is blue eyes (Crayton 73). Blue eyes are used to symbolize racially based beauty standards and the power associated with whiteness (â€Å"Bluest† LitCharts). In the novel, society believes that if a person does not have white skin, he or she is not beautiful. Pecola Breedlove falls victim to this wid espread belief and longs to possess blue eyes. In her worldRead MoreWoman Is The Nigger Of The Wolrd: The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison934 Words   |  4 Pagesfor years, not from the ‘Master Narrative’ perspective, that is the white male one’s, but from the exact opposite of this: an African-American girl. By doing this, she does not only awake pity for Pecola at the reader but also show how anti-black racism is constructed by social forces, interracially as well as intra-racially. Morrison represents African-Americans as people who suffer from the vacuum that white people create between them, the internalization of the white beauty ideal as well as theRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 Pagesmembers in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how th is ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American women to survive in a white racist society, they must love their own race. The theme of race and that white skin is more beautifulRead MoreConfronting Social Identities in Society Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesexists in the world today, which includes but do not limited to self identity and racism. However, they somehow go unnoticed because at times people conform to what society thinks is the way to live. In my opinion, people believe they should act or feel a certain way because of what is broadcast on television, featured in magazines, and even brought into the limelight by celebrities. While Toni Morrison’s â€Å"The Bluest Eye† (1970) and Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† (1973) both target ongoing social problemsRead MoreRacism in the Bluest Eye752 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in â€Å"The Bluest Eye† Several examples of racism are encompassed in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Characters who are members of the black community are forced to accept their status as the â€Å"others†, or â€Å"outsiders†, which has been imposed on them by the white community. In turn, blacks assign this status to other individuals within the lighter-skinned black community. In this novel, characters begin to internalize the racism presented by these people, and feel inferior. The stereotypeRead MoreThe Scrutiny Of Race And Beauty Within The Bluest Eye1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scrutiny of Race and Beauty within The Bluest Eye One of the significant themes that Morrison s, The Bluest Eye scrutinizes is the relationship between race and beauty. Rather how the predominant racial society’s point of view about beauty serves to degrade, ignore, and criticize different races by that compelling the affection of the domineering group by attaining the constancy of its eminence over less popular groups viewed by society. The Bluest Eye depicts the story of an eleven-year-old black

Stuff about the bomb Essay - 605 Words

The Most Difficult Decision Ever President Truman stood in the oval office full of many advisors, but was truly alone ready to make the hardest decision, which would change the world forever. Is dropping the bomb the right decision for the president to make? Dropping the bomb wasnt the right decision to make, because many people lost their lives and it wasnt right to make that move. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and on December 8, 1941 the president of the United States asked the congress to declare war on Japan. That’s what made the United States enter the war. When they attacked at that day, the Japanese destroyed 5 battle ships and another 19 ships. The United States kept fighting with Japan until 1945 and†¦show more content†¦and how they losing their lives. Also how people in the United States were feeling about losing those people. So he had to make the decision about ending the war and stop killing and how to do that in a way that could stop the Japanese from fighting again. He didnt want to use the bomb as a military weapon. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In addition, after dropping the bomb there were many consequences that he had to think about. People were one of these consequences; Stimson knew the problems people could have after dropping the bomb. All the concerns were very important to think about but Truman had to decide about the best way to end the war. All thought it wasnt the best for the people because it means many dead and whole destroyed areas. Truman was thinking about the best way to end the war with less American lives. If he waited to make Japan surrender it would be a long time and many will still be loss. He thought that the Japanese were ready to fight any time and it didnt matter to them how many people they lost or they will lose. The United States would asked the Soviets help, but the president and other leaders thought of that wouldnt be the right idea because the Soviets would take advantage in the postwar negotiations about the new government rules in Eastern Europe. Using the Bomb was a good idea to end the war and save many peoples lives especially Americas. Truman and his leaders didnt think about the people in Hiroshima or Nagasaki. EvenShow MoreRelatedSports And Music Festival At Las Vegas1186 Words   |  5 Pages A Skateboarder’s Legacy So I was chilling with my friends in the park, skateboarding they talked about the â€Å"Broadway Bomb† and some other stuff. I asked them what the Broadway Bomb was, they told me that it was a 7.9-mile race along Broadway in Manhattan. Although I’ve met Skateboarding Celebrities like Tony Hawk and Eric Koston, I’ve never had a chance to go skateboarding with them. But most of the Celebrity Skateboarders don’t even practice their Skateboarding Skills. AfterRead MoreColumbine High School Shooting Shootings1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthat was found out after the whole incident, containing the skills and personalities about the shooters and what can be changed. When the tragedy of the Columbine School shooting occurred, 3 main components surfaced: the preparation and planning, the shooting itself, and the aftermath of what happened and what was done. Before the attack,a lot of events happened, not just the planning but important stuff to know about the shooters. It was said that they were good kids. They had summer jobs at the sameRead More People Must Accept Responsibility for Their Own Actions Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal! Nobody takes responsibility for his or her own actions anymore. Someone commits a heinous crime, and anything but the criminal gets blamed. It was a harsh childhood, abusive parents, violent movies and video games, the availability of guns and bomb making materials, the Internet, pornography, peer pressure, etc. In my mind, if you commit a crime, then you are a criminal. I am the only one that makes the decisions I make in life. Others may influence my decisions, but ultimately, I am the oneRead MoreThe Death Of The Cold War1263 Words   |  6 Pages the ones who die right away are the lucky ones the others will have radiation poisoning which will cause all types of cancers. And it will affect fam ilies for generation to come And not only will it affect humans it will affect animals. Also the bomb didn’t just destroy people it destroyed the landscape, building, houses, anything in its radius. Although it wasn’t all bad as it did open us up to different power opportunities, although even then it can still cause problems a lot of problems includingRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On The World s Top Scientists1487 Words   |  6 Pagesmonth after the test, President Truman dropped two nuclear bombs on Japan. These weapons were dropped only three days apart. The aftermath was so crucial it made the Japanese finally to surrender. Before there was the aspect of nuclear bombs people destroyed each other at each other stuff using conventional bombs. Casing full of explosives like Trinitrotoluene or known as TNT or ammonium nitrate. When they are detonated, conventional bombs created most of their energy in the form of a blast. ThisRead MoreIrving, Texas ( Ap )863 Words   |  4 PagesTexas (AP) — One of the largest Muslim groups in Texas said Thursday that it does not fault police and school officials who handcuffed and suspended a 14-year-old Muslim boy after he brought a homemade clock to class that they mistook for a possible bomb. Instead, Khalid Hamideh of the Islamic Association of North Texas blamed political leaders for espousing inflammatory anti-Muslim rhetoric and creating a climate of fear. We re not pointing a finger at the school district or the police departmentRead MoreInterview of a Person Who Lived During the Cold War890 Words   |  4 Pages-Yujean Chan 1. What do you remember hearing about the Cold War? What did people say about it? When I was a kid I remember hearing about nuclear weapons on the radio and my parents used to mention it too. I also remember hearing about the Cuban Missile Crisis though I didn’t really understand much about it since I was too young and I lived in Britain so I did not worry about it. I didn’t hear much about the war from friends or in class. I remember hearing about the Russians and that they were our enemiesRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Cold War1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States used two bombs on Japan, Little Boy and Fat Boy. They were two atomic bombs, the first ones ever really used on another country. They had been dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Being a new thing, every other country wanted one, if not more. They wanted to build them, and put them to use. Russia, having the most people to put to work at the time, was able to figure it out and build one first, however, because of World War II, they were basically on bomb restriction, and couldn’t Read MoreNaruralistic Worldview Is the Denial of the Existence of Supernatural Causes888 Words   |  4 Pagesspiritual explanations† (Cosgrove, 2006, p. 85). Human beings, including all their parts, features, abilities, and internal states, are nothing but physical objects. ...Humans are complicated, physical objects, ..and are mere arrangements of physical stuff (Moreland, 1996). The human being in the Naturalistic Worldview is viewed as not much more than a biological machine whose primary purpose is the continuation of the survival of the human race. Naturalists view themselves as being different from traditionalRead MoreThe Theme of Religion in Church Going and In Westminster Abbey562 Words   |  3 Pagesbe religious is to try to take benefit, to be protected by God from war and from everything else, which could harm her. The arrogance and selfishness of the women can be seen as the way the poet expresses his feelings and thoughts about church, religion, believe and God. The poet expresses his ideas and sees religion as an invention of Church in order to control the population. The poet seems to have no belief towards religion what so ever; he sees it as an obstacle that

Demographics Paper Free Essays

The expected growth of the aging population in Louisiana is expected to grow and will have a tremendous impact on our healthcare system in the years to come. In the past, the increased growth of the aging population was not a problem. Presently it is becoming a problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Demographics Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now One major impact is the need for health care workers. Healthcare workers are decreasing because physicians and other health care workers are retiring. When people get older, they also need more healthcare services. The demand for healthcare services is growing because of the older adult population. Baby boomers from years ago are growing and maturing. In the meantime, fertility rates are declining. This is what is leading to the increased aging population in Louisiana. The aging population is living longer because of new technologies extending their years. Demographics are constantly changing and so are healthcare costs in result. The government is implementing plans to tackle the problems associated with the aging population. It is not an easy task. It is very challenging and difficult to implement successful changes. However, the future is looking very good for the aging population if the government can provide solutions to the barriers caused from the growth of the aging population. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, â€Å"the percentage of persons in Louisiana 65 and older is 12. 3%. † Statistics show how much of an impact the aging population has on health care services and costs. â€Å"The aging of the population of Louisiana is one of the most important demographic trends affecting the state. Estimates show that Louisiana has approximately 436,992 caregivers, who provide more than 468 million hours of care valued at more than $4. 6 billion. † That goes to show just how important it is that fertility rates increase. We are in desperate need for health care workers to care for the aging population (U. S. Census Bureau, 2007). † Not only are we in need for workers, but we are also losing money as the aging population increases. Louisiana is now facing a serious problem that could seriously affect the population and healthcare costs. â€Å"Louisiana’s birth rate is declining, which means our state is aging (Jones, 2007). † Th e number of elderly people is continuing to grow. The numbers of births are continuing to decline. The only solution is to increase fertility rates by having more babies. The impending growth of the elderly population will require Medicare and Medicaid services to change based on the needs of the population. In recent years, healthcare costs were much lower. Healthcare costs have increased because of the need for services among the elderly population. The changing patterns will focus on the needs of the patient. When health care costs go up, many citizens are unable to afford health insurance. Therefore, many patients will go untreated because they are unable to pay for their healthcare costs. There are two problems here. Patients are going without care and their health problems and conditions could get worse because of a lack of healthcare. According to Finger Lakes Health Systems Agency, 2004, â€Å"at the current rate of growth of health care costs and with the population aging, assuming no fundamental changes, 28% of the American economy will be spent on health care by 2030. More than one-third of national health care expenditures are currently attributable to people 65 or older. In the next 20 years, half of all health care encounters will involve older adults. † These statistics show just how much a change is needed regarding our healthcare system and the aging population. It is becoming very difficult for healthcare organizations to plan for such a change. The community has been working to address challenges associated with the aging population. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, 2005, â€Å"figures show that Louisiana will add 333,675 people by 2030, increasing the total population to 4. 8 million. But higher growth rates elsewhere will drop Louisiana from the 22nd most populist state in the nation to 26th by 2030. † This has already begun to happen. Another thing that Louisiana is doing to address major challenges is increasing the wages for healthcare workers. When there is a shortage of jobs, graduate students see this as a golden opportunity to make more money. It gives students motivation and encouragement to get into the field right away. Louisiana is making positive moves to change the way it uses federal Medicaid funds as well. The community is making every effort to combat the problems associated with the aging population, such as the increased health care costs, infertility rates, and need for health care workers. Implementing these changes in Louisiana will be very effective and create a healthy population growth. Chronic disease wellness programs are a great way to decrease healthcare costs and improve healthcare productivity. Because of the rise in health care costs, the government is looking for new strategies to lower healthcare costs. Researchers believe that chronic wellness programs are the answer. â€Å"Wellness programs have proved to be cost effective and the return on investment has been well worth the initial cost (David, 2010). † Helping the aging population develop a healthy lifestyle increases productivity and lower health care costs and insurance premiums. If we do not create chronic disease wellness programs, we will not gain anything. As a matter of fact, we will be paying more for insurance and set back from improved productivity. The need for lowered healthcare costs is pushing government officials to implement chronic disease wellness programs throughout the state and the country. â€Å"Health promotion programs or Wellness programs are geared to improve employee’s physical, emotional, and psychological health (David, 2010). † It is better to spend a little money to gain a lot of money instead of losing money due to the lack of healthcare knowledge and motivation of patients and employees. Chronic disease wellness programs improve cash flows for organizations and also keep people healthy. Many people decide to change their lifestyles after these interventions. These programs provide so many great benefits that it would be foolish for the government to reject or ignore them. The aging population is more likely to need healthcare products and services as they age. â€Å"Unfortunately, elderly adults are often confronted with sales gimmicks, advertisements, telephone solicitations, or mailings that promote products that have no value in treating a physical or psychological problem and can, at times, actually be harmful to the individual (Ryder, 2011). It is important for the older generation to feel safe and secure buying the necessary products to help with their medical conditions. In order to market products to patients, organizations can promote them through doctor’s offices. This way the patient knows that the organization selling the product is not a scam. If the product is not being sold through the doctor’s office, the patient can always ask his or her doctor if the product being used is safe to use. When marketing a product, I would point out to the patient that the product is FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved. This will let the patient know that the product is safe to use and does work to treat medical problems. As the young generation grows old, there is an increased need for services and products. The aging population usually have many more doctor visits, prescription drugs, need for beds in hospitals, need for healthcare services and products than the young generation. This is driving healthcare costs up at a remarkably increasing rate. There are many challenges being faced by the aging population and healthcare organizations because of people growing old. Louisiana has a desperate need for more health care workers and more births in order healthcare costs. Growing old is what is causing this. The community is trying to come up with solutions to decrease healthcare costs and promote the need for more healthcare workers. A couple solutions have already been made, such as offering more money to college students who are inspiring to be healthcare professionals, adopting chronic disease wellness programs, increasing fertility rates, and watching how Louisiana spends their Medicaid funds. It is crucial for us to consider how we will be able to care for the aging population and at what cost. As one’s body becomes frail, older adults are highly likely to be in and out of health care settings for medical care. Health care professionals must be able to provide quality care to the elderly based on their individual needs. A more viable elder healthcare system is essential. The population is growing faster than the economy. Louisiana and its communities are facing many challenges as the population ages. However, there are many steps being taken by government that will help improve our healthcare system and services being provided to patients. It is a difficult process, but in the end is more than worth it. 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Keep Our Homes Clean. Essay Example For Students

Keep Our Homes Clean. Essay Many a time I have heard my parents hollering to clean my room when it is not orderly; this is a cry is repeated among most households in the United States: the average American family spends just under twenty hours a week cleaning its home. Unfortunately, a bitter irony arises here: people spend so much time and effort keeping their homes clean while giving little thought, beyond recycling paper and aluminum, to keeping their larger home, the environment, clean. Pollution is a direct result of societys misuse of technology. Everyday, our body of knowledge increases, and thus, unfortunately, more technology results in more sources of pollution. A growing number of problems and question arise: those of morality and consequences. Accordingly, power is addictive, and for this reason, power must be tempered by responsibility. However, we are unable to use this is power effectively. Everyone wants their own car; no one is willing to surrender convenience in order to benefit the whole. These words are not without reinforcement, for today, pollution pervades through our biosphere; our water, soil, and air are tainted with pollutants. If a clean home is the reflection of a person, the human race is definitely quite hideous, for one need only look around to see that we have poisoned everything we touch: the air, the soil, and the water. Perhaps we consider ourselves separate from nature, but being its inhabitants and sustained by its resources, we are inevitably part of it. Any ill we inflict upon Mother Earth will eventually affect us. Water covers over two thirds of the Earth and composes most of out bodies. Only small fraction of this is fresh and drinkable. Water is a precious, limited resources necessary for life. Yet, we flaunt water with reckless abandon. For example, over seventy-five percent of the fresh water in New Jersey is unfit for consumption. Being a liquid, a single drop of pollutant can render thousands of gallons contaminated. This is why oil spills are so destructive. Thousand of gallons of crude oil are released causing widespread destruction and pollution. Pesticide runoffs, dioxins, and other hazardous chemicals are discharged into streams and rivers. These chemicals are found in many common household products. Minimal effort is made to control their spread. Humans have concocted all forms daily poisons to inhale. These poisons may travel in the air as waves or particles. With increasing communication, the level of radio waves, television waves, and other electromagnetic radiation have increas ed as well. Although no direct correlation can be observed, it obviously unhealthy to have all these energy ray whizzing through you. Nitrogen Oxides released by industry leads to acid rain. For particle matter, a Lehigh resident need only drive down the hill to the old decomissioned Bethlehem Steel Mill. From Route 78 one can smell the sulfur used refine the steel. When this factory was in operation, this was easily tenfold what it is today. Automobiles are a large source of this pollution. Their carbon dioxide causes global warming while CFCs from their airconditioners deplete the ozone layer. Ozone depletetion is probably not so serious. After all, we are being bombarded by radiation from our hundred and one appliances. Soil has not been spared from mankinds onslaught. Even the space near Earth, particularly LEO Low Earth Orbit is showing the effects of extended human contact. Space Garbage is the term given to this phenomenon. Space Garbage is a result of the many satellites and probes launched and never recovered. Much of this junk, second stage boosters and old used satellites left from the Cold War and race to the moon. Some might say that space garbage is of consequence to people on Earth. After all, it usually burns up during reenrty into the atmosphere. This is true. But this garbage is orbiting the Earth at extremely high velocities. Space garbage has been theorized to cost taxpayers billions of dollars in damaged equipment (i.e., television satellites, communication satellites, etc.). Even though it is a thousand miles above the Earth, space garbage affects everyone. If this continues, everything entering orbit will require some sort of shielding. This would cost consumers even more since ever pound of material shipped up to orbit

Anna Arnold Hedgeman, Civil Rights Activist, Feminist

Anna Arnold Hedgeman, Civil Rights Activist, Feminist article edited with additions by Jone Johnson Lewis Dates: July 5, 1899Â  -Â  January 17, 1990Known for: African-American feminist; civil rights activist; founding member of NOW Anna Arnold Hedgeman was a civil rights activist and an early leader in the National Organization for Women. She worked throughout her life on issues such as education, feminism, social justice, poverty and civil rights. A Pioneer for Civil Rights Anna Arnold Hedgemans lifetime of accomplishments included many firsts: First black woman to graduate from Hamline University (1922) - the university now has a scholarship named for herFirst black woman to serve on a New York City mayoral cabinet (1954-1958)First black person to hold a Federal Security Agency position Anna Arnold Hedgeman was also the only woman on the executive committee that organized Martin Luther King, Jr.s famous March on Washington in 1963. Patrik Henry Bass called her instrumental in organizing the march and the conscience of the march in his book Like A Mighty Stream: The March on Washington August 28, 1963 (Running Press Book Publishers, 2002). When Anna Arnold Hedgeman realized there were going to be no female speakers at the event, she protested the minimal recognition of women who were civil rights heroes. She succeeded in persuading the committee that this oversight was a mistake, which led eventually to Daisy Bates being invited to speak that day at the Lincoln Memorial. NOW Activism Anna Arnold Hedgeman served temporarily as the first executive vice-president of NOW. Aileen Hernandez, who had been serving on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, was elected executive vice-president in absentia when the first NOW officers were selected in 1966. Anna Arnold Hedgeman served as temporary executive vice-president until Aileen Hernandez officially stepped down from the EEOC and took the NOW position in March 1967. Anna Arnold Hedgeman was the first chair of NOWs Task Force on Women in Poverty. In her 1967 task force report, she called for a meaningful expansion of economic opportunities for women and said there were no jobs or opportunities for women at the bottom of the heap to move into. Her suggestions included job training, job creation, regional and city planning, attention to high school dropouts and an end to the ignoring of women and girls in federal job and poverty-related programs. Other Activism In addition to NOW, Anna Arnold Hedgeman was involved with organizations including the YWCA, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League, the National Council of Churches Commission on Religion and Race and the National Council for a Permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission. She ran for Congress and president of the New York City Council, drawing attention to social issues even when she lost the elections. A 20th Century Life in the United States Anna Arnold was born in Iowa and grew up in Minnesota. Her mother was Mary Ellen Parker Arnold, and her father, William James Arnold II, was a businessman. The family was the only black family in Anoka, Iowa, where Anna Arnold grew up. Â  She graduated from high school in 1918, and then became the first black graduate of Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Unable to find a teaching job in Minnesota where a black woman would be hired, Anna Arnold taught in Mississippi at Rust College. She could not accept living under Jim Crow discrimination, so she returned north to work for the YWCA. She worked at black YWCA branches in four states, ending up finally in Harlem, New York City. In New York in 1933, Anna Arnold married Merritt Hedgeman, a musician and performer. Â   During the Depression, she was a consultant on racial problems for the Emergency Relief Bureau of New York City, studying near-slavery conditions of black women who worked in domestic service in the Bronx, and studying Puerto Rican conditions in the city. Â  When World War II began, she worked as a civil defense official, advocating for black workers in war industries. In 1944 she went to work for an organization advocating for fair employment practices. Â  Unsuccessful at getting fair employment legislation passed, she returned to the academic world, working as an assistant dean for women at Howard University in New York. In the 1948 election, she was executive director of the presidential re-election campaign for Harry S Truman. After he was reelected, she went to work for his government, working on issues of race and employment. Â  She was the first woman and the first African American to be part of a mayoral cabinet in New York City, appointed by Robert Wagner, Jr., to advocate for the poor. As a laywoman, she signed a 1966 black power statement by black members of the clergy which appeared in the New York Times. In the 1960s she worked for religious organizations, advocating for higher education and racial reconciliation. Â  It was in her role as a part of religious and womens communities that she advocated strongly for the participation of white Christians in the 1963 March on Washington. She wrote the books The Trumpet Sounds: A Memoir of Negro Leaership (1964) and The Gift of Chaos: Decades of American Discontent (1977).Anna Arnold Hedgeman died in Harlem in 1990.

Ap Biology Lab Report 4 Essays

Ap Biology Lab Report 4 Essays Ap Biology Lab Report 4 Paper Ap Biology Lab Report 4 Paper Introduction This study was performed in order to gain more knowledge on mitosis and meiosis. This lab was done by observing mitosis in plant and animal cells, comparing the relative lengths of the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells, stimulating the stages of meiosis, observing evidence of crossing-over in meiosis using Sordaria fimicola, and estimating the distance of a gene locus from its centromere. Mitosis is the scientific term for nuclear cell division, where the nucleus of the cell divides, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes. Mitosis is accompanied by cytokinesis in which the end result is two completely separate cells called daughter cells. There are four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis is a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce. Meiosis produces gametes with one half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. There are two stages of meiosis: meiosis I and meiosis II. At the end of the meiotic process, four daughter cells are produced. Each of the resulting daughter cells has one half of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis was studied first in this lab. The phases of onion root tips were observed under a microscope. The crossing-over of chromosomes in meiosis was observed by viewing photos. Hypothesis If looking under a 400 power microscope, than it is possible to observe mitosis occurring in whitefish blastula and onion root tips. If crossing-over occurs in meiosis, than the genes do not segregate until meiosis II. Materials and Methods All materials and methods followed based off of lab manual. Results Activity A: Observing Mitosis Interphase Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell Prophase Cells The cellular organelles doubled in number, the DNA replicated, and protein synthesis occurred. The chromosomes are not visible and the DNA appears as uncoiled chromatin. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell The chromatin condensed and the chromosomes became visible. The nucleolus disappeared, and the spindle forms and attaches to the centromeres of the chromosomes. Early and late prophase can be seen. In late prophase, the chromatin has condensed into chromosomes, the nucleolus is gone, and the nuclear envelope has been removed. Metaphase Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell The nuclear membrane fragmentation is complete and the duplicated chromosomes lined up along the cells equator. Anaphase Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell Diploid sets of daughter chromosomes separated and were pushed and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. This was accomplished by the polymerization and depolymerization of the microtubules that helped to form the mitotic spindle. Telophase Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell The nuclear membrane and nucleoli reformed, cytokinesis is almost done, and the chromosomes uncoiled to chromatin. Daughter Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell The daughter cells formed and constructed a new dividing cell wall between them. Each daughter cell received a copy of the genome of its parent’s cell. Analysis of Results, Activity A: Observing Mitosis 1. I can infer that the two cells came from the cell a long time ago because they have similar organelles. 2. Two ways that mitosis differs in the cells of animals and higher plants is in cytokinesis and right before prophase. In plant cells, there is a pre-prophase right before prophase takes place. . A) Nuclear envelope disappears in prophase; nuclear envelope reappears in telophase B) Mitotic spindle forms in prophase; mitotic spindle disappears in telophase C) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes in prophase; chromosomes unwind to form chromatin in telophase D) Centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell in metaphase E) Nucleolus disappears in prophase 4. The three sub phases of interphase are the G1 phase, S phase, and the G2 phase. I n the G1 phase, cell synthesizes proteins and produces cytoplasmic organelles. In the S phase, DNA synthesis occurs, and in the G2 phase, the cell beings forming the spindle. 5. Both prokaryotic cell division and eukaryotic cell division replicate their DNA and use the process of cytokinesis. Activity B: Estimating the Relative Lengths of Mitotic Phases Table 1: Group Count | Number of Cells| | Field 1| Field 2| Field 3| Total 1-3| Interphase| 52| 46| 57| 155| Prophase| 22| 25| 29| 76| Metaphase| 16| 11| 9| 36| Anaphase| 5| 8| 5| 18| Telophase| 14| 10| 8| 32| | Total| 317| Table 2: Class Data Class Totals| Decimal Fraction of Total Count| Estimated Time Spent in Phase| Interphase| 582| . 46| 13968| Prophase| 305| . 24| 7320| Metaphase| 148| . 12| 3552| Anaphase| 65| . 05| 1560| Telophase| 171| . 13| 4104| Total Cells Counted| 1271| | Analysis of Results, Activity B: Estimating the Relative Lengths of Mitotic Phases Pie Graph 2. Stages of Mitosis Ranked 1) Interphase 2) Prophase 3) Metaphase 4) Anaphase 5) Telophase 3. Some phases of mitosis are longer than othe rs because each phase has a different task, and some of the tasks of the phases are harder than others. For example, interphase takes longer than other phases because the nuclear envelope fragments and the microtubules attach to the chromosomes. Telophase takes the least amount of time because chromosomes only go to opposite ends of the cell and a nuclear membrane forms. Activity C: Simulating Meiosis Analysis of Results, Activity C: Simulating Meiosis 1. Sixteen combinations of the two chromosomes are possible. 2. Number of chromosome combinations= 3. There are possible combinations of chromosomes for human gametes. 4. There are possible combinations of chromosomes for the offspring. 5. The relationship of meiosis to variation in populations is that genes are able to move themselves and combine with different sets of genes that aren’t present in the parent. This causes a higher chance of survival. 6. Three ways that meiosis differs from mitosis are that meiosis occurs in reproductive cells, while mitosis occurs in somatic cells. In meiosis, a mitotic mother cell is always diploid, while in mitosis a mother cell can be haploid or diploid. In meiosis, two divisions of the mother cell causes four meiotic cells, while in mitosis, a single division of the mother cell causes two daughter cells. Activity D: Crossing-Over and Map Units Analysis Results, Activity D: Crossing-Over and Map Units Table 3 | No. of MI Asci (4:4)| No. of MII Asci (2:4:2 or 2:2:2:2)| Total Asci| %MII Asci (No. of MII/Total)| Gene-to Centromere Distance (%MI/2)| Group Data| 45| 65| 110| 59%| 29. 5 (30)| 1. Crossing-over increases genetic variation because when the chromatids exchange sections with each other, they get new combinations of alleles that their parents had, which causes more chromatids. . I would expect to find more genetic variation in the population of species B because it’s undergoing sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction there is more changeability because the new generation has many combinations of the genes of the two parent organisms. 3. I would conclude that there was no occurrence of recombination since the MI Asci w ould be a 4:4 ratio. Discussion My results proved my hypothesis. This is so because by looking through the microscope it was possible to view the stages of mitosis in the onion root tip and the whitefish blastula. The stages of mitosis that were visible were prophase, anaphase, telophase, interphase, and metaphase. The time spent in each phase was also figured out. Interphase was the phase that the cell spends most of its life in. Telophase was the shortest phase. We stimulated the stages of meiosis using red and yellow magnetic beads. Crossing-over in Sordaria was observed by looking at photos. Afterwards, the map units were determined. We discovered that the distance of the gene relative to the centromere in the Sordaria was fifty-nine map units.

Yunnans Lucky Airs Balanced Scorecard Case Study

Yunnans Lucky Airs Balanced Scorecard - Case Study Example Furthermore technology is also changing the manner in which businesses operate. For example, technological developments have led to the development of e-commerce which enables companies to sell products through online channels using internet communication. Organisations must also respond to the needs of multiple stakeholders such as environmental protection agencies that require companies to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions. While shareholder value maximisation remains the main objective of every company, companies must first satisfy the needs of other stakeholders to be able to properly maximise shareholder value.To determine whether it is performing well, that is meeting the needs of its different stakeholders, a company must use a set of performance measures to gauge its performance against pre-determined targets and against the performance of its competitors.Until recently, the main focus of many companies had been on the use of financial performance measures. These measures fo cused only on the financial performance of the company. While financial performance measures remain an integral part of performance measurement, they are not the only measures of organisational success. Recent developments suggest that non-financial performance measures also have an important role to play in determining organisational success or failure. One of the most commonly used performance measurement tools that incorporate both financial and non-financial performance measures is the balanced scorecard. There are a number of reasons why an organisation should adopt a balanced scorecard. These are detailed in the letter to the Chief Executive Officer of Lucky Air Below. From: The Chief Financial Offer To: The Chief Executive Officer of Lucky Air Re: Adoption of the Balanced Scorecard by Yunnan Lucky Air Dear Sir, I am writing to express concerns to the current performance measures employed by Lucky Air. I believe that these measures are not in line with today's globalised, technologically driven, and customer focused business environment. Lucky Air continues to measure performance from the shareholder performance whereas there a are a host of interested groups of stakeholders that require information on how their needs are being met by Lucky Air. Given these issues, I will like Lucky Air to implement the balanced scorecard. The balanced scorecard is a performance report that is based on a broad set of financial and non-financial performance measures. The balanced scorecard is made up of four main perspectives (Kaplan and Northon, 1996, 2000; Malina and Selto, 2001; Blocher et al., 2005). These include Financial, Customer, internal business processes, and the learning and growth perspectives (Malina and Selto, 2001). I believe that adopting the balanced scorecard will enable Lucky Air to impro ve the manner in which it performs its services to multiple stakeholders as this will enable Lucky Air to set realisable targets and work towards achieving those targets. For example, the internal business perspectives will enable Lucky Air to improve on quality of service, productivity and safety (Libby et al., 2002). From the foregoing, I believe that adopting the Balanced scorecard will tremendously improve the way Lucky Air is measuring performance and thus determine how Lucky Air is performing compared to the industry as a whole. Best Regards, Chief Financial Officer. 2. Gap Analysis of Lucky Air Within four years of its incorporation, Yunnan Lucky Air's revenues had grown to a US$104.3 million which corroborates that it has